Sea salt bittern-driven forward osmosis for nutrient recovery from black water: A dual waste-to-resource innovation via the osmotic membrane process

• A dual “waste-to-resource” application of FO was proposed. • Performance of sea salt bittern as an economic FO draw solution was evaluated. • High quality struvite recovery from black water using FO was demonstrated. • Feed pH is a key factor to control the form of recovered phosphorous. A dual “waste-to-resource” innovation in nutrient enrichment and recovery from domestic black water using a sea salt bittern (SSB)-driven forward osmosis (FO) process is proposed and demonstrated. The performance of SSB as a “waste-to-resource” draw solution for FO was first evaluated. A synthetic SSB-driven FO provided a water flux of 25.67±3.36 L/m²⋅h, which was 1.5‒1.7 times compared with synthetic seawater, 1 M NaCl, and 1 M MgCl₂. Slightly compromised performance regarding reverse solute selectivity was observed. In compensation, the enhanced reverse diffusion of Mg²⁺ suggested superior potential in terms of recovering nutrients in the form of struvite precipitation. The nutrient enrichment was performed using both the pre-filtered influent and effluent of a domestic septic tank. Over 80% of phosphate-P recovery was achieved from both low- and high-strength black water at a feed volume reduction up to 80%‒90%. With an elevated feed pH (~9), approximately 60%‒85% enriched phosphate-P was able to be recovered in the form of precipitated stuvite. Whereas the enrichment performance of total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) largely differed depending on the strength of black water. Improved concentration factor (i.e., 3-folds) and retention (>60%) of TKN was obtained in the high-nutrient-strength black water at a feed volume reduction of 80%, in comparison with a weak TKN enrichment observed in low-strength black water. The results suggested a good potential for nutrient recovery based on this dual “waste-to-resource” FO system with proper management of membrane cleaning.     

正渗透技术在水和废水处理中的应用研究

正渗透(Forward osmosis,FO)技术是一种由渗透压驱动的膜技术,与传统的机械压力驱动的膜技术相比,具有出水水质高、能耗低、操作压力小、设备简单易操作、污染小等特点,近年来在水和废水处理的研究领域受到越来越多的关注.但FO技术目前仍然存在一些问题,如浓差极化、膜污染、汲取液溶质返混和汲取液的后处理等,使之目前仍未得到广泛的应用.本文对已有FO技术的相关文献进行较为全面系统的归纳,介绍了FO技术的原理,以及在海水脱盐、市政污水处理、特种废水处理等领域的应用,讨论了影响FO运行的主要因素(主要包括FO膜、汲取液、原水性质和运行条件等方面),并着重阐述了FO技术目前存在的问题(浓差极化、膜污染、汲取液溶质返混和汲取液的后处理).最后,对FO技术未来的研究和发展方向给出了建议.     

正渗透汲取液类型及分离回收工艺研究进展

正渗透作为一种新兴的水回用和脱盐技术,能够缓解清洁水源和能源短缺现状。汲取液是限制正渗透技术发展的关键因素之一,高效的汲取液不仅能提供较大的驱动力促进正渗透过程的进行,还能使处理成本大大降低。因此需对汲取液的发展历程、现状和趋势有较全面的认识。介绍了利用正渗透产生清洁水、汲取液分离再生的相关研究,在对正渗透及汲取液简单概述后,综述了已存在的正渗透汲取液的优缺点、类型、效率和分离回收工艺。最后,提出了正渗透汲取液的发展方向和建议,以便设计研究出更适合正渗透过程的汲取液。     

正渗透技术研究现状及进展

作为一种新型膜处理技术,正渗透技术自20世纪50年代建立以来,在环保、能源、海水淡化等领域受到越来越广泛的关注;其经历了从实验室研究,中试实验,到少量的商业化应用,技术日臻完善.本文综合了国内外相关文献的信息,从正渗透膜制备、浓差极化、汲取液及正渗透应用等四方面对正渗透技术的研究现状及进展进行了综述,并分析了其应用过程中存在的缺陷和未来发展趋势.正渗透技术的研发虽取得了显著进展,但仍存在应用瓶颈.正渗透膜仍存在对某些污染物的截留率不高、支撑层内浓差极化大、造价较贵等问题;影响浓差极化的因素尽管已经比较清楚,但至今尚无有效大幅度降低甚至消除内浓差极化的方法;汲取液存在反向渗透较重、回收过程能耗较大等问题;正渗透技术的应用范围,特别是在工业废水处理领域还需拓展.     

臭氧氧化反渗透浓缩垃圾渗滤液动力学

采用臭氧氧化法处理经反渗透膜处理后的浓缩垃圾渗滤液,并建立了氧化降解反应动力学模型.结果表明,氧化降解初始反应速率主要与初始pH、臭氧投量、反应温度和初始COD有关.在pH 8.0,温度30℃,臭氧投量5.02 g/h,反应时间90 min的条件下,反渗透浓缩渗滤液的COD去除率达到67.6%;并且在pH为2.0～8....     

电镀废水膜法回用后浓水达标处理研究

本文对电镀废水经物化预处理--反渗透回收处理后的膜浓废水作为对象,将微电解--芬顿破反应处理方法作为破络合反应,对重金属、COD的去除方法进行了研究,确定了pH4,双氧水加药量3‰,反应时间60 min,是比较好的破络合反应条件;经破络处理后的废水中,进行pH调节后,投加硫化钠浓度50 mg/L,重金属捕捉剂10 mg/L可以将反渗透膜浓水中较低浓度的重金属及COD处理至国家排放标准。     

淮南矿业集团谢桥煤矿矿井水资源化利用

随着淮南矿业集团谢桥煤矿的发展,矿区生产和生活用水量日趋紧张,解决缺水问题的有效途径是合理开发利用矿井水资源。在此论述了煤矿矿井水资源化的必要性,给出了矿井水处理工艺流程、主要建（构）筑物、主要设备等,说明了开发利用矿井水资源具有良好的社会、环境和经济效益。     

无烟粉精煤生产优质造气型煤的研究

介绍了新研制的桃水造气型煤,论术了无烟粉精煤的性质,XMK型复合粘结剂的研究,复合粘结剂的作用机理、造气型煤的特性和生产工艺、工业造气试验。结果表明:桃水造气型煤是替代块煤的新型优质化肥造气原料。     

Integration of biological method and membrane technology in treating palm oil mill effluent

Palm oil industry is the most important agro-industry in Malaysia, but its by-product-palm oil mill effluent (POME), posed a great threat to water environment. In the past decades, several treatment and disposal methods have been proposed and investigated to solve this problem. A two-stage pilot-scale plant was designed and constructed for POME treatment. Anaerobic digestion and aerobic biodegradation constituted the first biological stage, while ultrafiltration (UF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membrane units were combined as the second membrane separation stage. In the anaerobic expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor, about 43% organic matter in POME was converted into biogas, and COD reduction efficiency reached 93% and 22% in EGSB and the following aerobic reactor, respectively. With the treatment in the first biological stage, suspended solids and oil also decreased to a low degree. All these alleviated the membrane fouling and prolonged the membrane life. In the membrane process unit, almost all the suspended solids were captured by UF membranes, while RO membrane excluded most of the dissolved solids or inorganic salts from RO permeate. After the whole treatment processes, organic matter in POME expressed by BOD and COD was removed almost thoroughly. Suspended solids and color were not detectable in RO permeate any more, and mineral elements only existed in trace amount (except for K and Na). The high-quality effluent was crystal clear and could be used as the boiler feed water.     

反渗透装置处理炼油污水的优化运行

通过对反渗透装置初次化学清洗时进水水质、运行情况、反渗透系统进水端和浓水端情况、保安过滤器滤芯情况分析,确定造成膜污染的主要原因,并针对这些原因采取化学清洗、运行管理等一定措施。措施实施后:反渗透运行周期均有所增加,特别是1#反渗透装置,运行周期增至2 414h,达到健康运行要求。